Discover Basil, a versatile herb with a rich history and bold flavor, perfect for culinary and functional creations.
The History of Basil
Basil, scientifically known as Ocimum basilicum, translates to "king" in Greek and has earned its title as the "royal herb." Originating in India, it was revered as a sacred plant for its medicinal and religious significance, even playing a role in ancient Egyptian embalming rituals. In ancient Greece and Rome, basil symbolized love and was believed to hold magical protective properties. But not all its history is sweet—during the Middle Ages in Europe, basil sparked bizarre myths, including the belief that scorpions would breed under basil pots or that smelling the herb could conjure a scorpion in the brain.
Basil cultivation
The basil plant has been cultivated for over 5,000 years and originated in the tropical regions of central Africa and Southeast Asia. The herb made its way to Europe through trade routes, where it grew in popularity thanks to its culinary versatility and aromatic properties. Basil is "chilling sensitive" which means that temperatures of less than 10˚C can cause significant harm, manifesting in leaf discoloration, wilting, halted growth and decay.
Basil as a trending herb
The global basil leaves market was valued at US$57 million in 2020 and is expected to reach US$63 million by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of 1.5% during 2021-2027. Owing to the popularity of basil leaves related to health benefits, basil is categorised as an ultra-niche and high-value crop. The highest proportion (94% in 2020) of basil leaves is used in the food and beverage industry.
Flavour and fragrance qualities
Basil has a unique flavour profile that can enhance the taste of functional food and beverages. Beneath the verdant exterior lies a spicy warmth, with a subtle hint of black pepper, cloves and anise, which complement and balance the sweetness. The initial aromatic impression is powerful, reminiscent of freshly cut grass with a hint of mint.
Basil's essential oils can be extracted from fresh leaves and flowers as aromatic additives in food, beverages, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics. The essential oil excels in therapeutic aromatherapy, promoting relaxation, easing stress, and improving mood.
Culinary uses
Over time, basil's culinary significance grew, particularly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian cuisines. There are now over 150 varieties of basil, including lemon basil, purple basil and Thai basil. Its distinct aroma and flavour make basil a staple ingredient in many cuisines, particularly in countries like Italy, Thailand and Greece. Sweet basil is a cornerstone of Italian cuisine, bringing vibrant flavor to classics like pesto, caprese salad, and hearty pasta dishes. Meanwhile, Thai basil, with its bold, spicy, anise-like kick, is the secret to the rich, aromatic flavors of authentic Thai curries and stir-fries.
Basil is often known as the “tomato herb”, given its complementary flavour profile. Its sweet, slightly peppery character enhances the savoury sweetness of tomatoes, creating a classic flavour pairing.
Basil’s varied application in beverages
Basil-infused drinks such as lemonades, cocktails, smoothies and flavoured waters offer a refreshing and aromatic olfactory experience. Basil’s striking green leaves are often used as a garnish and can also be muddled or infused in signature cocktails and mocktails to enhance their flavour profiles.
Basil is rich in antioxidants - particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids - compounds which may help protect the body from oxidative stress and contribute to overall health. Basil-infused waters, teas and juices, combined with antioxidant-rich fruits like berries and citrus, can provide a convenient way to increase antioxidant intake.
Some compounds in basil, such as eugenol, may also have anti-inflammatory properties, which have been traditionally applied in medicinal practices to address digestive issues. Paired with ginger, mint, or other digestive herbs, it brings a refreshing twist to functional beverages, supporting a healthy inflammatory response with every sip.
Furthermore, basil’s calming and soothing aroma may help reduce stress and anxiety. Basil-infused teas or relaxation drinks offer a natural way to boost mood and relieve stress.
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